大学英语可数名词温习材料-南博英语网

一、界说
名词是标明人或事物称号的词。它既可以标明具体的东西，也可所以标明笼统的东西。
二、分类
1. 名词可以根据意义分为一般名词和专有名词
如：john is a student
student是一般名词，john是专有名词
一般名词前可以用不定冠词a/an, 定冠词the 或不加冠词，专有名词前一般不加冠词，专有名词的首字母要大写。
2. 一般名词又可以分为个别名词、集体名词、物质名词和笼统名词，其间个别名词与集体名词是可数名词，物质名词和笼统称号是不可以数名词。
3. 专有名词
专有名词是标明人名、地名、集体、机构、组织等的专有名词，多为绝无仅有的事物。
三、名词的数
1、名词分为可数名词和不可以数名词。
可数名词——可以数的名词
不可以数名词——数不清（没有复数）
drink milk tea water orange juice coke coffee porridge
food rice bread meat fish fruit cake dumplings
2、可数名词与不定冠词a(an)连用稀有数方法，不可以数名词不能与不定冠词a(an)连用，没有复数方法
many+可数名词复数
much/a little+不可以数名词
some, any , a lot of (lots of) 两者都可以润饰。
3、可数名词可以直接用数词来润饰
不可以数名词数词 +量词 +of + 名词
对可数名词的数量发问用how many
对不可以数名词的数量发问用 how much
4、不可以数名词的量有以下两种标明办法：
1） some, much ,a little ,a lot of ,a bit of , plenty of 用等标明多少。
留心既可以与可数名词复数，又可以与不可以数名词连用的有：plenty of ,some ,a lot of ,lots of ,most of 等。
如there is much water in the bottle .瓶中有许多水。
I’ll tell you much good news.我要告诉你许多好消息。
we should collect some useful information咱们大约搜集一些有用的消息。
2）用单位词标明。
用a ... of 标明。
如　a cup of （　一杯......），a bottle of （一瓶......）
　　a piece of （　一张......），a pair of shoes（一双鞋）
如two cups of tea（两杯茶）,five pieces of paper（五张纸）
留心单位词后的动词单复数方法一般取决于单位词的单复数方法；千、百等数词与名词加用，标明复数时，数词仍坚持奇数，名词变复数。
如two hundred students（200论理学生）
　　ten thousand trees（10000棵树）
查验点he caught a lot of fish他抓到了许多鱼（此处为许多条鱼，fish的复数仍为fish或fishes）
=he caught a lot of fishes.
the paper is about some fresh-water fishes.这篇论文是有关几种淡水鱼的。（此处fish标明不一样品种的鱼，加复数词尾-es）
5、可数名词分为奇数和复数。
名词奇数就是该词本身，在其前面加a或an。
1）奇数
如a desk（一张桌子）
　　an old desk（一张旧书桌）
2）复数：要标明一个以上概念时，要用名词复数方法
规则改变
1）一般情况下加-s　
如book--books（书）　desk--desks（书桌）
2）以s ,x ,ch , sh结束加-es
如box--boxes（盒子）　bus--buses(公共轿车)
留心①以 th 结束加-s, month--months
②stomach--stomachs
3)以子音字母+结束，变y为i再加- es。
如city--cities(城市) country--countries(国家)
留心以元音+y，直接加s。如：day--days(天)，boy--boys(男孩)
4)以f或fe结束，复数变f或 fe 为v再加-es
如knife-knives(书) , half-halves(一半)
(thief ,wife ,life ,shelf ,knife ,leaf ,self ,half ,wolf)
留心①有少量词后直接加s，如roof-roofs (房顶)
5)以o结束
(1)子音字母加o结束名词的加-es
如tomato-tomatoes(西红杮)
potato-potatoes(马铃薯)
(2) 元音字母加o结束名词的加-s
如piano-pianos (钢琴), zoo-zoos(动物园)
photo-photos (相片), kangaroo-kangaroos(袋鼠)
kilo-kilos(千克)
留心zero 两种方法都可：zero-zeros或 zeroes(零)
不规则改变
1) 元音字母发改变。
如man--men(男人) ， woman--women(妇女)
tooth--teeth(牙齿) ， foot--feet(脚)
mouse--mice(老鼠) ， policeman--policemen(差人)
policewoman--policewomen(女差人)
2) 词尾发生改变。
如child--children(成人) ， ox--oxen(公牛)
3) 单、复数方法相同。
如fish--fish(鱼) ，sheep--sheep(绵羊) ，deer--deer(鹿) ，Chinese--Chinese(我国人) ，Yuan--Yuan(元) ，jinn--jinn(斤)
留心不说an English，要说an Englishman.
①fish作鱼肉讲时不可以数，没有复数。
②fishes指各种不一样品种鱼或指几条鱼。
4) 形似奇数，实为复数意义。
如people(人，我们)these people
(不说a people，可说a person)
police(公安，差人)ten police
(不说a police，可说a policeman)
5) 由man和woman构成的组成名词，变复数将名词及man或woman都变成复数。
如a man driver-men drivers(男司机)
a woman doctor-women doctors (女医生)
6) 组成名词变为复数时，一般只将里边所含的主体名词变为复数。
如passer-by-passers-by(过路人)
bus driver-bus drivers(轿车司机)
留心假定没有主体名词，就在最终一词上加-s。如：
grown-up-grown-ups(成年人)
letter-box-letter-boxes (信箱)
留心①hair和fruit一般作奇数，标明全体。若标明若干根头发或若干种生果，则需用这两个词的复数方法。
如would you like some more fruit? 你要不要再吃点生果？
we bought a lot of fruit from the market. 咱们从商场上买了许多生果，
china has some good frits. 我国有一些好的生果。(指品种)
she has a few white hairs. 她有几要白头发。
his black hair is going white. 他的黑发逐骤变成灰白色。
留心②wind ,snow和rain这类词，有时也可以有复数方法，标明多次的风、雪或雨。
留心以boy 和girl最初的复合名词变成复数时，一般只把后一名词变成复数。
如 boy student-boy students(男学生)
girlfriend--girlfriends(女兄弟)
7) 有些名词只需作复数。
如scissors(剪刀)a pair of scissors(一把剪刀)trousers(裤子)shorts(短裤)jeans(工装裤)compasses(两脚规)scales(天平)sunglasses(太阳镜)surroundings(环境)savings(储蓄)writings(作品)
名词+man(woman)构成的复合名词，其复数方法一般与简略名词相同，即把man(woman)改成men(women)。
如Englishman--Englishmen(英国人)
Frenchwoman--Frenchwomen(法国妇女)
留心German不是复合词，它的复数是Germans。

常用口诀
标明民族的名词顺口溜
（1）“中、日、瑞”友爱是共同。
（2）“英、法”联盟a变e。
（3）其他一概加s 即Chinese，Japanese单复数同形；Englishman，Frenchman的复数为Englishmen，Frenchmen；其他像German，American，Australian等的复数方法是在后边加“s”。
o结束的名词顺口溜
1）有生命的以o结束的名词变复数时，词尾加es，凡无生命的以o结束的名词变复数时，词尾加s。
有生命：potato-potatoes, tomato-tomatoes, hero-heroes, negro--negroes
如无生命：zoo-zoos, radio-radios, photo-photos, piano-pianos, zero-zeros, bamboo（竹竿）--bamboos, tobacco（烟丝）--tobaccos1）
2）两人两菜一火山。（+es）
大学—大学讲义中以o结束的名词构成复数时，加es的只需negro（黑人），hero（英豪），potato（马铃薯），tomato（西红杮），volcano（火山），这就是“两人两菜一火山”。
或：黑人和英豪吃马铃薯和西红柿Negroes and heroes eat tomatoes and potatoes）
2）其他以o结束的名词变复数时均加s。
图景：你在“zoo”里，看见一要“bamboo”，上面挂着一张“photo”，所照的是一架“piano”，上面放着一台“radio”。
zoo-zoos , bamboo-bamboos ,photo-photos piano-pianos, radio-radios.
f、fe结束的顺口溜
（1）以f(e)结束的名词变为复数时，有的把f(e)改为v(e)再加s，其他的以“f(e)”结束的名词则直接加“s”。
老婆持刀去宰狼，小偷吓得发了慌；
躲在架后保己命，半片树叶遮目光。 wife（老婆），knife（刀子），wolf（狼）thief（小偷），shelf（架子），life（生命）leaf（树叶），self（自个），half（一半），这9个名词变复数时，都要改“f(e)”为“ve”再加“s”。
(2)以f结束的名词，一般把把f改为ves，但也有特别情况是直接加-s的，
如gulf, roof, chief, serf, belief, proof, handkerchief。编成口诀联想：
　　海湾边、房顶上，领袖农仆相望；
　　谁说他们无崇奉，口气定在手帕上
巧记不规则名词单变复
男女脚步牙鹅，老鼠加虱婆。
man-men; woman-women; foot-feet; tooth-teeth; goose-geese; mouse-mice; louse-lice.

掌控名词的分类
掌控可数名词奇数变复数的规则

1. The __ in our yard are very beautiful.
　　 A. cloth　　　B. water　　　　C. flowers

解析：Be 动词运用了are 所早年面的名词为复数，AB为不可以

数，故选择C

2. Tom is one of the Chinese _____ in our school.
　　A. boy　　　　 B. boys　　　 C. boies

解析;one of 名词复数，boy 是元音加y 故选择B

3. A cat has four ____ , doesn't it?
　　A. foots　　　 B. feet　　　　 C. feet

解析foot 归于特别变形 feet 故选择B

4. There are three ____ and five _____ in the room.
　　A. American, Japanese　　 B Americans, Japanese　 C. American, Janpaneses

解析：根据口诀中日不变英法变其他S加后边，故选择B
　　5. Can you see nine ____ in the picture?
　　A. fish　　　　 B. book　　　 C. horse

解析：nine

后边为复数名词打扫bc，故选择a

6. The _____ has two______.
　　A. boy; watch　　 B. boy; watches　　　 C. boys; watch

解析：has 前主语为奇数，two 后为复数，故选择B

　　7. The _____ are flying back to their country.
　　A. Germany　　　 B. Germanys　　　　 C. Germans

解析：根据口诀中日不变英法变其他S加后边，故选择c

A有些

写出下列名词的复数方法

1.computer ____________ 2.apple ____________ 3.city ______________

4.house _____________ 5.sheep ____________ 6.watch ______________

7.tomato _____________ 8.child _____________ 9.tooth _____________

10.foot ______________ 11.wife _____________ 12.potato _______ _____

B有些

二．选择填空

1．There are two ______ in the room.

A. Chineses B. Englishman

2.The old man will have ___________ out.

A. two tooths B. two teeth

3. ____________ are sold in this bookstore.

A. Children’s books B. Children books

4. Some friends of _________ will come here.

A. John’s B. John

5. Can you give me ______________?

A. some papers B. a piece of paper

6.There are ______________ on the floor.

A. some box B. some boxes

BBAABB

C有些

阅览了解，根据短文答复下面的疑问。

(A)

Kate, Bob, Rose and Li Jun are friends. They are in same class. Kate is twelve. She is from England. She has long blond hair and blue eyes. Bob is twelve, too. He is from Canada. 1.He has short brown hair and grey eyes. Rose is thirteen. 2.She is from the U.S.A. She has long brown hair and blue eyes. 3.李俊13岁。He’s a Chinese boy. He has short black hair and two big black eyes. One day, they put their coats in a bag.

The coats are brown, green, red and black. The boys don’t like red coats and the girls don’t like black coats. Bob can’t find his coat. It isn’t green. Li Jun says,“ My coat is brown. ”

根据短文内容，结束下面疑问。

1．What does Kate look like?

2. 1有些的汉语是啥意思？

3．你能把 2有些变成一个一般疑问句吗？

4．3有些用英语怎么说？

5．请你协助Bob找到衣裳，他的衣裳是啥颜色的？

His coat is ____________.

(B )

Mary is an English girl, but she is in Canada now. She is six years old. Her mother says to her,” You’re six and you’ll start to school here. You will like the school, because it’s a good school.” “Is it an English school?” Mary asks. “Yes, it is” Her mother tells her.

She goes to school. The teachers are very friendly to her and speak good English. They like her and her classmates like her.She likes them very much ,too. She’s a happy girl.

( )1.Mary is now in _________.

A. Japan B. England C.Canada D.English

( )2.How old is she?

A. Seven B. Six C.Five D. Twelve

( )3.Is Mary an English girl or a Chinese girl?

A. She’s a Chinese girl. B. She’s an English boy.

C. She’s an English girl. D.He’s an English girl.

( )4.How are her teachers?

A. They ’re happy. B. They’re tall.

C. They have big eyes. D. They’re friendly.

( )5.Does Mary like the school?

A. No, she does. B.Yes, she does.

C. Yes, she doesn’t D. No, she doesn’t.

CBCDB

按需求填入单词的恰当方法

1．Two________ live in this building. (family)

2．Look at those _______. (child)

3．I can see a ________ standing near the door. (policeman)

4．There are some ________ on the table. (glass)

5．Would you like some ________? (bread)

6．I have two ________. (sister)

7．I like ________. (cat)

8．Do you want some ________ for supper? (potato)

9．He has two ________. One is old , the other is new .(watch)

10．In autumn , you can see a lot of ________ on the ground. (leaf)

将下列语句变成复数方法

1．This is a knife.-- _________________________________________

2．That is a tomato. _________________________________________

3．I have a wish. _________________________________________

4．That child is very lovely. ___________________________________

5．An Englishman stood there. __________________________________

选用下列正确的单词或词组，在正确的选项上打√

1．Do you drink much (milk, milks)?

2．He had two (cup ,cups) of tea.

3．I don't want (a, an) old cap.

4．Look at those (sheep, sheeps ).

5．How many (radioes , radios ) can you see?

6．There are 36 (boys, boies) in my class.

阅览了解，根据短文内容判别正（T）误(F)。（10分）

　　It's Sunday morning. The students of Class 3 are giving their classroom a good cleaning.

　　Miss Huang, their teacher, is working with them. The children are busy. Some are carrying water; some are cleaning the windows; others are sweeping the floor. Zhang Hua is putting up a map on the wall. It is a map of China. Wang Fei and Wei Qing are mending some broken chairs. The children are listening to the radio while they are working. The classroom looks nice and bright after the cleaning. The children are very happy. They go home for lunch at noon.

　　( ) 1. The children are playing in their classroom on Sunday morning.

　　( ) 2. Miss Huang, their mother, is working with them.

　　( ) 3. There is a map of China on the wall.

　　( ) 4. Two of them are repairing the broken chairs.

　　( ) 5. They are singing while they are working.

F F T T F

选择正确答案。

Jack is a teacher of English. He is not young，but he is not old. He has a round face and black hair. He is tall. There are fifty students in his class. They all like him.

Now it's in the afternoon. Look，some students are working in the classroom. Jack is there，too. He is helping them to study English. He is a good teacher，and he is a good friend of them all.

(　 )1. What does Jack do?

A. He is a worker. B. He is a teacher. C. He is a doctor. D. He's a nurse.

(　 )2. What colour is his hair?

A. It's black. B. His hair is white. C. It is brown. D. He has yellow hair.

(　 )3. How many students are there in his class?

A. There are fifteen students in his class. B. There's fifty.

C. He has fifty. D. There're fifty in it.

(　 )4. Jack is a good teacher，isn't he?

A. Yes，he isn't. B. No，he is. C. Yes，he's. D. Yes，he is.

(　 )5. What are the students doing in the classroom?

A. They are walking there. B. They are doing their lessons.

C. They are helping their teacher. D. They are good friends of Jack.